As stated by Quinn, and Rubb, (2005), both secondary and primary education is mandatory and free in various countries like United Kingdom, United States and other countries across the globe. In other countries, education is mandatory until the 16 years. The system of education in Finland is considered as number one in the world and is quite different with other countries. National basic curriculum exist, but delivery and timetabling are the concern of teachers and schools. No such selection as national examinations or formal testing at different stages before higher education i.e. matriculation-end of the secondary education. This is made necessary because of the entry test for post education after 19 years (StudyinFinlnd, 2018).

Education system of United States is also considered as one of the best in the world, as the most famous university of the world is located there, Harvard University. Education in United States is also compulsory and free till primary and the secondary education. However, ages of children, y which they need to start and end their education varies and different in every state. Generally, from the age of 6, education is mandatory from the first grade, and till 16 years tenth grade needed to be done. In the las stages of secondary schools, many students appear for the SAT exams, so that they could pursue for tertiary education (StudyinUSA, 2018).
In India, education is compulsory till the 10 years of the primary education, which is from 6 to 114 years. It consists of primary education for 5 years, upper primary for 3 years, and high school for 2 years. This is also followed further by higher secondary education of 2 years and then college education for 3 years for the bachelor’s degree.

Australia education system is gaining immense light, and many students across the world are joining Australian institutes. In Australia, both secondary and primary education from 6 to 19 years is compulsory. Before the primary education, pre-primary education is not compulsory. After the completion of secondary education, tertiary education is present at technical schools or universities.
In Hong Kong, education system is comprised of the voluntary 3 years of kindergarten, 6 years of primary education and secondary of 3 years, selective areas of senior secondary of 3 years on the basis of performance. And then students will be eligible for universities (Classbase, 2018).

In Singapore, the education system is one of the best in the world, as the literacy rate there is very high. Its education system is consist preschool from 3 to 6 years, mandatory primary education from 6 to 12 years, the secondary education from 12 to 17 years, and then tertiary education. After the primary schooling, students appear for Primary School Leaving Examination, which is very competitive and then secondary school allocate students as per their grades and skills (Internations, 2018).

Education across the world is increasing and significant improvement is found in the educational system of various countries like India, Pakistan, United States, etc. Education does not only increase the literacy rate or helps the country in gaining economic growth, but it helps in improving the personality of the citizen and their perspectives or paradigms towards many complicated situation. It opens their mind to accept things, and different challenges, which they do not able to by being illiterate. They could be able to assess things and work for their betterment and for the country too.

References

Classbase, 2018. Education system in Hong Kong. [Online], Available at: https://www.classbase.com/countries/Hong-Kong/Education-System, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].
Classbase, 2018. Education System in India. [Online], Available at: https://www.classbase.com/countries/India/Education-System, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].
Johansson, B., FOGELBERG‐DAHM, M.A.R.I.E. and Wadensten, B., 2010. Evidence‐based practice: the importance of education and leadership. Journal of nursing Management, 18(1), pp.70-77.
Internations, 2018. The education system in Singapore. [Online], Available at: https://www.internations.org/singapore-expats/guide/29461-family-children-education/the-education-system-in-singapore-16071, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].
Quinn, M.A. and Rubb, S., 2005. The importance of education-occupation matching in migration decisions. Demography, 42(1), pp.153-167.
Study in Australia, 2018. Australian education system. [Online], Available at: https://www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/english/australian-education/education-system, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].
Study in Finland, 2018. Education System in Finland. [Online], Available at: http://www.studyinfinland.fi/destination_finland/education_system, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].
Study in USA, 2018. Understanding the American education system. [Online], Available at: https://studyusa.com/en/a/58/understanding-the-american-education-system, [Accessed on: 19th April, 2018].

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Constructivism is a paradigm, possess the worldview that learning is the constructive and active process. And a learner is the information constructor. Individuals actively indulge in creating or constructing their personal subjective representations related to objective reality. Different and new information is associated with the prior knowledge, hence mental representations are considered as subjective (Battey, Kafai, Nixon, and Kao, 2007).

As researchers believed that professors or teachers should act as a guide or instructor for the students, assisting and helping them in the entire learning process for creating their lives meaningful. The advantages of the constructivism theory for learners and teachers, in the ideal setting, it include paying attention on students and giving them opportunity and time for investigating and work on some big ideas. It is necessary to help them in understanding the skills and concepts, instead of regurgitating and memorizing ideas or facts. Constructivism helps in engaging the students in natural curiosities which help them in finding answers for the questions. Intrinsic motivational level would be expected and students must be given freedom for selecting their course of learning. The biggest challenge associated with this theory is that world where teachers and students interact, is not “utopian”. Students come in class with personal needs and easily distract from the classroom experience. Many students are not willing to interact with peers because of emotional issues (Rahmat, 2017).

However, functionalism theory suggest that education is a serving force of multiple functions in society, which include, (a) social integration, (b) socialization, (c) cultural and social innovation and (d), social placement. Latent functions involve child care, reducing unemployment rate and developing peer relationships by keeping student force high than labor force. Issues in the educational institutions could harm society (Ansalone, 2010).
The functional theory emphasis on the fulfilment if society needs through education. Perhaps, socialization. If children will be able to learn values, skills, and norms required to functioning in the society, then the education is primary instrument for learning. Three Rs taught by school; rithmetic, reading and riting. Apart from this schools also teach values and norms.

Second function is social integration. For working society, according to functionalist, individual should subscribe to the common set of values and beliefs. Development of these common goals of free system, mandatory education which developed in 19th century (Chetty, Friedman, Hilger, Saez, Schanzenbach, and Yagan, 2011).

Third function is social placement, which begins from grade one, students identified by schools and teachers either as the motivated and bright and also educationally challenged. This depends on how students are taught at level which suits them (Ansalone, 2010).

The fourth function is cultural and social innovation. Students need to be taught as being creative rather than following the rote learner’s path (Ansalone, 2010).

The conflict theory consider the education objective as maintaining the social inequality in society and also preserving power off dominating ones in the society. The conflict theorist always examine same functions related to education as functionalist do. Functionalist view education as the advantageous contribution in ordered society, whereas, conflict theorist consider educational system as the perpetuating status quo through dulling lower classes in being obedient workforce (Brayboy, 2005).

In conflict theory, educational system is being practiced but objections arises in its sorting and curriculum. Conflict theorist argued that schools are sorted along with the ethnic lines and distinct classes. Schools train students in working classes for accepting the lower-class position in the society. This is considered as hidden curriculum. They point out in the factors that needs for defending the position. Conflict theory view education not as beneficial factor for the society, but as the factor for maintaining and raising the power and dominance in the society, and develop the docile workforce for the capitalism (Brayboy, 2005).

References

Ansalone, G., 2010. Tracking: Educational differentiation or defective strategy. Educational Research Quarterly, 34(2), p.3.
Battey, D., Kafai, Y., Nixon, A.S. and Kao, L.L., 2007. Professional development for teachers on gender equity in the sciences: Initiating the conversation. Teachers College Record, 109(1), pp.221-243.
Brayboy, B.M.J., 2005. Toward a tribal critical race theory in education. The Urban Review, 37(5), pp.425-446.
Chetty, R., Friedman, J.N., Hilger, N., Saez, E., Schanzenbach, D.W. and Yagan, D., 2011. How does your kindergarten classroom affect your earnings? Evidence from Project STAR. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(4), pp.1593-1660.
Rahmat, A., 2017. Clustering in Education. European Research Studies, 20(3A), p.311.

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According to Lagemann, and Shulman, (1999), imagine the different world, where everyone is eager to learn something and to the extent that despite of gossiping on the lunch tables, people discuss books, and share new information. This view is ideal in imagination and it is impossible in the real word, as improvement is required in the education system. It has been observed that issues with the education underlies somewhere, along the human race lines that they forgot that getting knowledge in not only a mandatory process, but it is also an opportunity for opening and transcending the gateway towards better and comprehensive understanding.  

One of the crucial issue with the education is that people positioned it in the way schools view it. There are some common and general phrases among students are; “school is work and boring” “I do not like to go to school”. Such attitudes have direct impact on students’ effort for their studies. A student will work hard and dedicated towards studies when he/she does not consider as boring and takes interest in the home works. There is a great difference lie between listening and hearing, and in cases where students consider school as stressful and boring, than students will only hear what teacher is teaching rather than effectively listening it (Prospects, 2018). 

Schools are disciplinary, coercive and taught by various unmotivated professors, hence students consider “mandatory of attending schools” as icing on a cake. The system of schools and teachers control the different ways, system is operating, and things are running and leaving the little space for students to perform their own activities. Teachers are the only controller in deciding what to teach, how to teach, what to assign etc. It is necessary that students must be involves in making decisions related to how things should run and must create the comfortable environment so that it could be easier for them to learn (Kubow, and Fossum, 2007).

School is similar with the oligarchy, where students are populous and faculty is monarch. It must be the democracy, as students must have say in what is happening and how well the students interest is consider in making decisions. To make the economies, societies and people educated, it is necessary to develop the interest of the students in education rather than creating education as burdens on them.

References

Kubow, P.K. and Fossum, P.R., 2007. Comparative education: Exploring issues in international context. Prentice Hall.
Lagemann, E.C. and Shulman, L.S., 1999. Issues in Education Research: Problems and Possibilities. Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers, 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104.
Prospects, 2018. Why you need to be aware of the educational issues. [Online], Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/jobs-and-work-experience/job-sectors/teacher-training-and-education/current-educational-issues, [Accessed on: 20th April, 2018]. 

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According to Quinn, and Rubb, (2005), Education has an immense importance in increasing the literacy levels in an economy. The level of illiteracy is the cycle which promotes the level of long term poverty among individuals throughout the generations and nations. Individuals with no or less primary education lack in knowledge, which could cause in making ineffective decisions and unable to solve their fundamental problems of lives which could affect them. These forms of knowledge might involve core competencies but are not limited to it in earning for living or performing tasks.

Education brings perceptiveness among people. They could judge things, which are right or wrong. They take care of the environment and understand their responsibilities towards environment, society and community. This helps them in growing in life, not only in financial terms but also morally.  It helps in analyzing and assessing life goals and objectives and give the new perspective and meaning to life. They actually able to know what they want from their life. People like to be a part of well-behaved, well-mannered and educated society, which helps in bringing good and positive things in their lives rather than worsening them. Education is the building block of the healthy and well-established society, where everyone knows their responsibilities and duties (Durkheim, 1956).

Education also facilitated numerous innovations and skills among individuals. People are able to think critically related to issues they face, and always come up with innovative and new ideas for tackling the situation in appropriate way. Through creative and critical thinking, people are able to bring constructive ideas which lead to the solution for new problems (Quinn, and Rubb, 2005).

This could be concluded in a way that educations helps in thriving the nations economically and become one of the major factor in their growth. It helps in producing significant elements which assist in developing the economies. These factors involve teachers, health practitioners, and also leaders. Now it’s upon the stakeholders to work hard and hand-in-hand for promoting education, through educating people and create awareness about its importance (Johansson, FOGELBERG‐DAHM, M.A.R.I.E. and Wadensten, 2010).

References

Durkheim, E., 1956. Education and sociology. Simon and Schuster.
Johansson, B., FOGELBERG‐DAHM, M.A.R.I.E. and Wadensten, B., 2010. Evidence‐based practice: the importance of education and leadership. Journal of nursing Management, 18(1), pp.70-77.
Quinn, M.A. and Rubb, S., 2005. The importance of education-occupation matching in migration decisions. Demography, 42(1), pp.153-167.

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