According to Ibn-i- Khaldoon when unity diminishes in tribes, there is a chance of external threats. The other tribes will take advantage of the circumstances and raid the less united tribe villages. If there is no unity amongst the members of tribe, they would not be able to defend themselves against, external aggression. He suggested that the state boundaries should not be beyond the control of government. Moreover, he says that, state has physical age of 120 years and every nation rises and then fall after a passage of time and replaced by other nation.    

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“Ibn I khaldoon” has described two types of societies in his book “Badvi” and “Hazri”. According to his theory “Badvi” is rural society whereas, “Hazri” is urban society. Individuals living in Badvi society are united and have strong force of Al-Asabia. They have robust physical structure, live in deserts where satisfying basic needs are quite difficult. However, they have to struggle hard for their survival, therefore, they are physically strong. The traits and description provided by “Ibn-I-khaldoon” of the individuals, living in Badvi society, are similar to those people who live in villages and small valleys or rural areas. On the other hand, people living in “Hazri” society are described; similar to those people, who lives in urban society. They are unlike the people of “Badvi” society. They cannot defend them self against, external aggression; individuals of “Badvi” society are dependent on state security. They are not physically strong for the reason that, basic needs of life are easily available to them. In Hazri society, individuals do not have to struggle hard for their survival.

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“Ibn Khaldun” discussed in his book “Muqadama” that, when individuals start living together in a society, conflict is inevitable, which leads to the violation of state laws. In case of, violation of laws, state steps forward, to maintain law and order. Furthermore, it is vital for the state being, to sustain solidarity amongst the inhabitants. Unity among citizens, helps to defend the state against, external aggression and domination.

“Ibn Khaldun” was amongst the evolutionary social thinker, he was interested in the gradual social change, in society. He believed that, individual start living together because of Al-Asabia, common interest attract them towards, one another and they start living together, as group. With the passage of time groups evolve in clans and tribes and finally transform into societies. Therefore, without the force of solidarity, tribe, clan and state, will become weak and dominated by other external forces. If people of state are not united then, it is easy for foreigners to control and rule over it.

Martindale wrote that, the spirit of solidarity is important for individuals and state. Individuals need each other help in satisfying their basic needs. Single individual cannot perform all the duties, which are crucial for survival. Cooperation of one individual with another is inevitable because they are dependent on each other.  Nomads are the good example of solidarity, they travel together live together and face external enemy together, somehow their survival depend upon their unity.    

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